History of Wayang

Wayang puppet comes from the word that is the source of inspiration in the form of drawing characters and stories that can be clearly illustrated in the mind of the draftsman. In the year (898-910) M, has become a puppet puppet Purwa yet still devoted to the worship of Sanghyang as written in the Inscription Balitung: Sigaligi Mawayang Create Hyang, Bhima Macarita yes Kumara

According to the Book of Centini, about the origins of wayang puppet Purwa mentioned that art, once initially created by King of the Kingdom Jayabaya Mamenang / Kediri. Sektar Century 10 King Jayabaya trying to create a picture of the ancestral spirits and carved on palm leaves. Form of the puppet picture copied from a picture story of the Ramayana reliefs on the Temple Upgrading in Blitar. Ramayana story really caught his attention because Jayabaya including a faithful worshiper of Lord Vishnu, even by people regarded as the embodiment or incarnation of Vishnu Batara. Figure figure is depicted for the first time or Sang Hyang Guru Jagadnata the embodiment of Lord Vishnu.

Early period of ten centuries we might call a single phase to ground globalization Javanese animist beliefs begin to be shifted by the influence of Hindu religion that makes' naik' his prestige leaders' god 'who now' placed 'above' hyang '. Twelfth century until the fifteenth century was a time of 'secularization' of the puppet stage to begin the formulation of various myth that glorified the king as a direct descendant of the gods. Fifteenth century was the commencement of phase two is now globalization Javanese cultural influence of Islam that began to seep unnoticed and in the early sixteenth century stood kingdom of Demak (1500 - 1550 AD).

At that time there is a change on a large scale around the puppet. Raden Patah ordered to change some rules of puppets who immediately implemented by the trustee in gotongroyong. Wayang Beber Prabangkara work (era Majapahit ) immediately re-cooked, made from buffalo skin is thinned, made sideways, arms stretched, digapit with buffalo horn amplifier. And disimping Sunan Bonang dramatika structuring it, Sunan Prawata add giant figures and monkeys and also adds some story scenarios. Raden Patah add elephants and puppet figures Prampogan. Sunan Kalijaga change means that the show was originally of wood, now made up of banana stems, blencong, puppet box, mobile and mountains. Holy Sunan goto task to mastermind. 'Suluk' are preserved, and coupled with the lost interest and Saut-adha adha, but here and there already incorporated elements of propaganda. At the time of Sultan Trenggana, the sweetened form of puppet anymore. Eyes, mouth and ears began to be improved. Susuhunan Queen Single, successor Sultan Trenggana, not to be outdone. He created a model eye and thelengan liyepan. In addition to puppet Purwa The Queen also raises Gedhog puppet, who only held within the palace alone. As for the consumption of ordinary people, Sunan Bonang Damarwulan arrange puppet.

Age of Empire Pajang provide a new characteristic that is Gedhog puppets and leather puppets began a three-dimensional carved. The more organized form of puppets: the king and queen wearing a crown / mask; hair styled the knights start; wear Praba, and also began to be added trousers and cloth. In this era also is introducing the Holy Sunan Marionette puppets from wood. Medium Sunan Kalijaga arrange puppet mask from wayang stories Gedog. Thus puppet Gedog were already popular in the community outside the palace.

In the Islamic Mataram puppet growing. Panembahan Senapati add various figures of birds and forest animals and the more finely carved puppet hair. Sultan Agung Anyakrawati adds the element of movement to the puppet shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints puppets start given the position of the hand-shaped 'nyempurit'. With this innovation comes also a new character: cakil, slender giant figures very agile and nimble. Blind Cakil embodiment is a sengkalan which reads: Hand Attorney Satataning creature (1552 J / 1670 AD). In the wayang performance figures Purwa Cakil Blind is a symbol of anger. Forms completion puppet Purwa by Sultan Agung was terminated by making a giant figure called Geni Hair Blind, which is sengkalan which reads Urubing Puppet Gumulung Single: (1553 J / 1671 AD). Around the 17th century, Raden scream from Surabaya to create puppet Klitik, the puppets are made of flat wood, like a puppet Purwa. In the grip of the story pagelarannya Damarwulan used, the implementation of performances done in the afternoon. In 1731 Sultan Hamangkurat I created a puppet in other forms of puppet Wong. Wayang wong is a puppet that consists of humans by using a device or clothing made clothing that is similar to the wayang kulit.



In the event use the grip that stems from the Ramayana and Fiber Fiber Mahabharata. Differences Wong puppet with puppet masks are: in play, players from puppet Wong active dialogue, while the puppet mask the perpetrators dialogue conducted by the government of Sri Hamangkurat dalang.Pada era IV; his legacy to the Book of Fibers and Fiber Pustakaraja Madya Witaraja of Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito . The contents of the book tells the history of King Aji Pamasa or King who reigns in the country Kusumawicitra Mamenang / Kediri.Kemudian move Palace in Pengging. The contents of this book inspired him to create a new puppet called Madya puppet. Story of Wayang Madya starting from King Parikesit, the last figure of the Mahabharata story until kingdom Jenggala Panji.Bentuk stories told in Madya puppet, similar to the top of the puppet Purwa, while the bottom Gedog puppet-like shape. During the era of physical Revolution between the years 1945 - 1949, attempt to carry a struggle to maintain the independence of Indonesia's determination done in various ways.

One way is through the art of puppetry. Special to shew stories of struggle, the puppets were created Suluh.Wayang Suluh means puppet of Information, because the word means, the torch relay as a tool which is used to illuminate a dark place. Suluh puppet form, either cut or dressed in clothing similar to those day-to-hari.Bahan used to make puppets Suluh is derived from the skin is also derived from compressed wood. There are some people argue that the puppet torch was originally born in Madiun district created by one of his employees and at the same illumination as the mastermind. There is no standard form of puppet torch, because it always followed the development of the era. This is due particularly to dress the way society is always changing, especially its officials.